Eating Disorders in PCOS: A Concern for Clinicians
Introduction
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a hormonal disorder that affects women of reproductive age. It is characterized by irregular menstrual cycles, high levels of androgens (male hormones), and polycystic ovaries. PCOS is also associated with an increased risk of eating disorders.
Eating Disorders and PCOS
A recent systematic review and meta-analysis found that women with PCOS have an increased odds of any eating disorder, including anorexia nervosa, bulimia nervosa, and binge-eating disorder. The studies included data from over 280,000 women, and the results were consistent across studies.
Why are women with PCOS at risk for eating disorders?
There are several reasons why women with PCOS may be at risk for eating disorders:
- Weight gain: PCOS can lead to weight gain, which can trigger body image issues and eating disorders.
- Hyperandrogenism: High levels of androgens can lead to acne and hirsutism (excessive hair growth), which can also contribute to body image issues.
- Insulin resistance: PCOS is often associated with insulin resistance, which can lead to cravings for sugary foods and binge eating.
- Mental health issues: Women with PCOS are also at risk for mental health issues, such as depression and anxiety, which can increase the risk of eating disorders.
Screening for Eating Disorders in PCOS
It is important for clinicians to screen all women with PCOS for eating disorders. Screening can help to identify women who are at risk and to get them the help they need.
How to screen for eating disorders in PCOS
There are several different screening tools that can be used to screen for eating disorders in PCOS. One common tool is the SCOFF questionnaire. The SCOFF questionnaire is a five-item questionnaire that asks about symptoms of eating disorders, such as:
- Do you make yourself Sick because you feel uncomfortably full?
- Do you worry you have lost Control over your eating?
- Have you recently lost more than 1 stone in weight in a 3 month period?
- Do you believe yourself to be fat when others say you are thin?
- Would you say that you have a Disordered eating?
Treatment for Eating Disorders in PCOS
The treatment for eating disorders in PCOS is similar to the treatment for eating disorders in other populations. Treatment typically involves a combination of psychotherapy, medication, and nutritional counseling.
Psychotherapy
Psychotherapy can help women with PCOS to understand the causes of their eating disorder and to develop healthy coping mechanisms.
Medication
Medication can be helpful in treating the symptoms of eating disorders, such as depression, anxiety, and insomnia.
Nutritional counseling
Nutritional counseling can help women with PCOS to develop a healthy eating plan that meets their individual needs.
Conclusion
Eating disorders are a serious concern for women with PCOS. Clinicians should screen all women with PCOS for eating disorders and refer them to a mental health professional for further evaluation if necessary.
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